Valve Loader Method, System, and Apparatus

ABSTRACT

A valve loading system that uses a valve loader to transfer a valve or other medical device from a storage cartridge into a deployment catheter. The valve or other medical device can be implanted or positioned within a patient using the catheter after the valve or other medical device has been compressed and loaded into the catheter using the valve loader. The process then can be repeated by using the valve loading system to load or introduce another valve or other medical device into the catheter. The valve loading system includes a loading pin sized to limit contact with the medical device during a loading procedure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body, or body cavity,duct or vessel. A range of polymers are used for the construction ofcatheters, including but not limited to silicone, rubber, latex,polyurethane, Nylon, Pebax, and thermoplastic elastomers. Silicone isone of the most common choices because it is generally inert andgenerally not reactive to body fluids and a range of medical fluids withwhich it might come into contact. Catheters can be used to allow fordrainage or injection of fluids to the body, or access into the body bysurgical instruments and/or implantable devices. In order for a catheterto provide access to the body, the implantable device must be insertedinto the catheter.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to loader devices,systems, and methods for loading and/or introducing into a catheter avalve or other medical device for implantation into a body. In certainembodiments, the medical devices, systems, and methods allow thecatheter to be loaded or introduced with multiple valves or othermedical devices.

For purposes of this summary, certain aspects, advantages, and novelfeatures of the invention are described herein. It is to be understoodthat not necessarily all such aspects, advantages, and features may beemployed and/or achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment ofthe invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art willrecognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a mannerthat achieves one advantage or group of advantages as taught hereinwithout necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught orsuggested herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention are described in detail below with reference to the drawingsof various embodiments, which are intended to illustrate and not tolimit the invention. The drawings comprise the following figures inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a system view of an embodiment of a valve loading system usedfor loading and/or introducing a valve or other medical device into adeployment catheter or other deployment apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a valve loader of thesystem of FIG. 1, which valve loader is used for loading and/orintroducing a valve or other medical device into a deployment catheteror other deployment apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a sectioned view of the valve loader of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the valve loader of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a further exploded perspective view of the valve loader ofFIG. 2.

FIG. 6 is a sectioned view of some of the system components of FIG. 1showing the valve loader in conjunction with an embodiment of acartridge and an embodiment of a medical device to be loaded into anembodiment of a catheter or other deployment apparatus.

FIG. 7 is a sectioned view of the valve loader within the cartridge andthe medical device of FIG. 6 loaded into the valve loader of FIG. 2.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of the valve loader of FIG. 2with certain components removed.

FIG. 9 is a sectioned view of a plunger and a locking mechanism of thevalve loader of FIG. 2.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectioned partial view of the valve loader ofFIG. 2.

FIG. 11 is another enlarged sectioned partial view of the valve loaderof FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a cartridge used with the valveloader of FIG. 2.

FIG. 13 is another perspective view of the cartridge of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a front view of the cartridge of FIG. 12.

FIG. 15 is a further front view of the cartridge of FIG. 12 with a coverremoved.

FIG. 16 is a rear view of the cartridge of FIG. 12.

FIG. 17 is a top view of the cartridge of FIG. 12.

FIG. 18 is a bottom view of the cartridge of FIG. 12.

FIG. 19 is a left side view of the cartridge of FIG. 12.

FIG. 20 is a right side view of the cartridge of FIG. 12.

FIG. 21 is a sectioned perspective view of the cartridge of FIG. 12.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a deployment catheteror other deployment apparatus used in the system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 23 is a side view of the deployment catheter or other deploymentapparatus of FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is an enlarged view of a distal end of the deployment catheteror other deployment apparatus of FIG. 23 taken in the circle 24 of FIG.23.

FIG. 25 is a sectioned view taken along the line 25-25 of FIG. 24showing the distal end of the deployment catheter or other deploymentapparatus of FIG. 22.

FIG. 26 is an enlarged perspective view of a control portion of thedeployment catheter or other deployment apparatus of FIG. 22.

FIG. 27 is a first section taken through the deployment catheter orother deployment apparatus of FIG. 22.

FIG. 28 is a second section taken at about ninety degrees from the firstsection shown in FIG. 27.

FIG. 29 is a sectioned view of the valve loader within the cartridge andthe medical device of FIG. 6 loaded into the valve loader of FIG. 2.

FIG. 30 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the cartridge of FIG.29 and perspective views of a loader pin and catheter.

FIG. 31 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a portion of thecartridge of FIG. 30 and a perspective view of the loader pin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

A valve loading system and related components will now be described withreference to the accompanying figures of one or more embodiments. Theterminology used in the description presented herein is not intended tobe interpreted in any limited or restrictive manner. Rather, theterminology is simply being utilized in conjunction with a detaileddescription of embodiments of the systems, methods and relatedcomponents. Furthermore, embodiments may comprise several novelfeatures, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirableattributes or is believed to be essential to practicing the inventionsherein described.

The terms “valve,” “deployable medical device,” and “medical device” asused herein are broad interchangeable terms and, unless otherwiseindicated, the terms can include within their meanings, withoutlimitation, stents, valves, lung reduction valves, coils, filters,embolic protection devices, balloons, augmentation devices, probes,anchors, sponges, or any other medical device, deployable or otherwise,that is configured to be loaded or introduced into a catheter or otherdeployment apparatus. In certain embodiments, the valve and/or medicaldevice is the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,293,951 or in U.S.Patent Application Publication No. 2003-0050648, each of which is herebyincorporated in its entirety.

In certain embodiments, the valve loading system described herein can beconfigured to load valves or medical devices as small as about 5 mm, 6mm, 7 mm, and 9 mm in diameter. The valve loading system, in certainembodiments, can be configured to compress or collapse valves or medicaldevices for deployment using a bronchoscope comprising a working channeldiameter of about 2.0 mm or greater, for example, about 2.6 mm. Incertain embodiments, the valve or medical device comprises a radiopaquematerial that is visible through a deployment catheter or otherdeployment apparatus, bronchoscope, or body.

The terms “body” and “patient” as used herein are broad interchangeableterms that generally refer to mammalian (human or animal) bodies,patients, organs, lumens, cavities, vessels, passageways, channels, orthe like.

As discussed above, a valve or other medical device, deployable orotherwise, can be introduced into a catheter or other deploymentapparatus using methods, systems, and devices described herein. In someembodiments, a valve loading system is provided that generallycomprises, without limitation, a deployment catheter or other deploymentapparatus, a valve loader, a valve-carrying cartridge (also referred toherein as a interchangeable medical device cartridge), and/or othercomponents. The valve or other medical device can be implanted orpositioned within a patient using the catheter or other deploymentapparatus after the valve or other medical device has been loaded intothe catheter or other deployment apparatus using the valve loader. Insome embodiments, the process then can be repeated by using the valveloading system to load or introduce another valve or other medicaldevice into the catheter (as used herein, the term “catheter” includeswithout limitation any other deployment apparatus).

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a valve loading system 100 that isarranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects andadvantages of the present invention. The illustrated valve loadingsystem 100 generally comprises, among other components, a deploymentcatheter 102, a cartridge 104, and a valve loader 106. The cartridge 104carries, transports, and/or stores a valve or other medical device. Insome configurations, the cartridge 104 is designed to store the valve orother medical device for limited or more extended periods of time. Insome embodiments, the cartridge 104 is interchangeable with othercartridges. The valve loader can comprise a first open cavity 214 thataccommodates the cartridge 104. With the cartridge 104 positioned in thecavity 214 and with a distal end 112 of the deployment catheter 104positioned in a connection port 108, the valve or other medical devicecan be transferred from the cartridge 104 into the deployment catheter102 using the valve loader 106. Thus, the illustrated valve loader 106can be configured to provide sterile loading of the valve or othermedical device into the deployment catheter 102.

The illustrated valve loader 106 comprises an outer housing structure202. In some embodiments, the outer housing structure 202 is constructedof plastic, metal, or other like material. Preferably, the outer housingstructure 202 is sized and configured for holding in a hand. In someembodiments, the outer housing structure 202 can have a length thateasily allows for placement in a user's hand. For example, the outerhousing structure 202 can be 5, 6, 7, or 8 inches in length, which willeasily fit within a user's hand. The outer housing structure 202 cancomprise a generally cylindrical shape or other suitable form to enhancethe ergonomics and to provide for easy placement in or control by ahuman hand. In the illustrated configuration, the outer housingstructure 202 comprises a flattened cylindrical shape. Other structures,materials, shapes, and sizes also are possible.

As illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the housing structure 202 can havea top side 204, a bottom side 206, a proximal end 208, and a distal end210. Any directional terms used herein are merely to provide a frame ofreference and should not be considered to limit the scope of the claimedinvention. As used herein, “distal” means toward the location in whichthe valve or other medical device will be deployed while “proximal”means toward the user of the component (e.g., toward the user of thevalve loader 106).

The outer housing structure 202 preferably features a plurality ofrecesses 212 along the top and bottom sides 204, 206. The illustratedouter housing structure 202 comprises two recesses 212 along the topside 204 and four recesses 212 along the bottom side 206. In someembodiments, the two recesses 212 along the top side 204 are generallyaligned with two of the four recesses 212 along the bottom side 206.Preferably, the two recesses 212 are positioned on opposite ends of thetop side 204. More preferably, the two recesses 212 on the top side 204are positioned with one of the two recesses 212 on each side of a firstopen cavity 214.

The first open cavity 214 can have any suitable configuration. In someembodiments, the first open cavity 214 comprises a substantiallyrectangular shape with an angled portion 216; however, other shapes anddimensions are possible. In certain embodiments, the shape andconfiguration of the first open cavity 214 corresponds to the outershape and configuration of the cartridge 104 such that the cartridge 104can be inserted into the first open cavity 214 in only one direction,orientation or position. In other words, the cavity 214 of the housing202 can comprise a first shape and the cartridge 104 can comprise acomplementary shape such that, when inserted into or coupled with thehousing 202, the cartridge 104 is properly oriented for its intendeduse.

With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the housing structure 202 cancompose the connection port 108 that is defined in part by a second opencavity 218 that can receive a distal end 112 of the deployment catheter102 or another device, for example, a shipping lock 114. In someembodiments, the proximal end of the shipping lock 114 can be shaped andconfigured to closely correspond to the shape and configuration of thedistal end 112 of the deployment catheter 102. While the illustratedhousing structure 202 comprises the second open cavity 218, whichcomprises a funnel-type configuration that helps to receive the distalend 112 of the deployment catheter 102, the housing structure 202 cancomprise a generally flat distal end 210 or a protruding distal end 210.

The housing structure 202 of the valve loader 106 can be constructed oftwo halves or sides 202A, 202B that are secured together in any suitablemanner. In some configurations, the two portions 202A, 202B snaptogether and can be secured together with posts or the like. Preferably,one of the two portions 202B is considered a male portion while theother one of the two portions 202A is considered a female portion andthe male and female portions can be joined together in any suitablemanner.

In certain embodiments and as shown best in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, thehousing structure 202 defines one or more inner chambers that contain aplurality of components, including but not limited to a loader plunger220 (also referred to herein as an actuator), a cartridge lockingmechanism 222, an alignment insert 224, an alignment tube 226, and afirst and a second grip pawl 228A, 228B.

With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the loader plunger or actuator 220 isconfigured to slide within and along an axial center of the illustratedhousing structure 202. In certain embodiments, the loader plunger oractuator 220 is configured to be screwed or rotated into and along anaxial center of the housing structure 202. In certain embodiments, thehousing structure 202 comprises a stop to signal or indicate to the userwhen the plunger or actuator 220 has traveled to the correct position inthe housing for completely loading the valve or medical device into thedeployment catheter or deployment apparatus. In certain embodiments, thecartridge 104 comprises a cover, cap, or lid 422 having a thicker tab431 to act as a stop or signal or indication to the user when theplunger or actuator 220 has traveled to the correct position in thehousing for completely loading the valve or medical device into thedeployment catheter or deployment apparatus. In certain embodiments, thethicker tab 431 is changes length, shape, and/or size to determine howfar the plunger or actuator 220 can travel into the housing therebyaffecting the position of the valve or medical device within thedeployment catheter or deployment apparatus. In certain embodiments, thecover, cap, or lid 422 can be positioned flushed with the outer surfaceof the cartridge 104 or the cover, cap, or lid 422 can be positioned (atdifferent depths) inset from the outer surface of the cartridge 104 todetermine how far the plunger or actuator 220 can travel into thehousing thereby affecting the position of the valve or medical devicewithin the deployment catheter or deployment apparatus. In certainembodiments, the cartridge 104 comprises a cover, cap, or lid 422 havinga tooth or thinner tab 430 that provides an audible indication that theplunger or actuator 220 has traveled to the correct position in thehousing for completely loading the valve or medical device into thedeployment catheter or deployment apparatus. As shown in FIG. 5, theloader plunger or actuator 220 can have an axial groove 230 that extendsalong at least a portion of the loader plunger 220. The axial groove 230preferably terminates proximally of the distal end of the loader plunger220. The distal end of the axial groove 230 preferably terminates withina further groove 232 (see FIG. 4) that extends diagonally across theaxial groove 230.

As illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the cartridge locking mechanism 222(also referred to herein as a safety apparatus) can be positioned withinthe housing structure 202. The illustrated cartridge locking mechanism222 comprises a generally “U” shaped configuration or the likecomprising a first end 234 and a second end. The first end 234 of theillustrated cartridge locking mechanism 222 is supported by and/orcoupled to a pivot pin 236, and the balance of locking mechanism 222 isallowed to rotate or swing or move thereabout.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 9, the locking mechanism 222 comprises afirst nub 238 and a second nub 240 that, in the illustratedconfiguration, face the male half 202A of the illustrated outer housing202. The first nub 238 is slightly larger than the second nub 240 andthe first nub 238 has a shape and orientation that generally correspondsto the shape and orientation of the groove 232. The first nub 238 isseparated from the second nub 240 by a distance that can accommodate atleast one of the surfaces that extends axially alongside the axialgroove 230. In addition, the second nub 240 is sized such that it can bereceived within the axial groove 230 while the first nub 238 is sizedsuch that it cannot be received within the axial groove 230.

Thus, as the loader plunger 220 is pushed into the housing structure202, the locking mechanism 222 rotates slightly as the first nub 238moves within the generally diagonal groove 232 until the second nub 240is aligned with the axial groove 230. When the locking mechanism 222 hasrotated and the second nub 240 is aligned with the axial groove 230,further pushing of the loader plunger 220 into the housing structure 202causes the loader plunger 220 to move distally with the second nub 240moving axially along the axial groove 232. During this continuedmovement, the locking mechanism is secured against rotation due to thepositioning of the second nub 240 within the axial groove 230.

Similarly, as the loader plunger is withdrawn from the housing structure202, the axial groove 230 moves relative to the second nub 240 until thesecond nub 240 reaches the diagonal groove 232. When the second nub 240reaches the diagonal groove 232, the second nub 240 slides within thediagonal groove, which causes rotation of the locking mechanism 222. Therotation of the locking mechanism 222 draws the first nub 238 into thediagonal groove 232. The first nub 238 stops further withdrawal of theloader plunger 220 from the outer housing structure 202 after the firstnub 238 is positioned within the diagonal groove 232.

With reference to FIG. 8, the locking mechanism 222 also comprises afirst stop 242 and a second stop 244. The rotational movement of thelocking mechanism 222 is limited in the illustrated configuration by thefirst stop 242 and the second stop 244. The first stop 242 moves intoabutment with a first surface 246 of the housing structure 202 duringrotation in a first direction (i.e., upward or clockwise rotation) andthe second stop 244 moves into abutment with a second surface 248 of thehousing structure 202 during rotation in a second direction (i.e.,downward or counterclockwise rotation). Other configurations also can beused to limit the range of rotational movement of the locking mechanism222.

As described above, the illustrated locking mechanism 222 also comprisesa second end 250. The second end extends through an opening 252 thatopens into the first open cavity 214. The second end 250 of thecartridge locking mechanism 222 acts as an arm, or a bracket, or a barthat secures the cartridge 104 into the first open cavity 214 of thehousing structure 202, or that reduces the likelihood of the cartridge104 being inserted into the first open cavity 214 without the loaderplunger 220 being fully retracted from the housing structure 202. Inthis manner, the locking mechanism 222 safeguards the plunger 220against damage that can be caused by insertion or removal of thecartridge 104 without the plunger 220 being fully retracted from thefirst open cavity 214 or the cartridge 104. As the locking mechanism 222rotates, swings, or moves toward the first open cavity 214 of thehousing structure 202, the arm, bracket, or bar of the second end 250enters or moves into the first open cavity 214 of the housing structure202 through the opening 252. If the cartridge 104 is within the firstopen cavity 214, then the arm, bracket, or bar of the second end 250 canengage with or otherwise lock the cartridge 104 into the first opencavity 214. As the loader plunger 220 is pulled out of the housingstructure 202, the cartridge locking mechanism 222 rotates, swings, ormoves the cartridge locking mechanism 222 away from the first opencavity 214 of the housing structure 202, thereby allowing the arm,bracket, or bar of the second end 250 to be removed or substantiallyremoved from the first open cavity 214 of the

housing structure 202 and to unlock or disengage the cartridge 104 ifthe cartridge is present within the first open cavity 214.

With reference to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the alignment insert 224generally defines a passageway 252. At least a portion of the passageway252 reduces in diameter from a proximal end of the portion to a distalend of the portion. In some embodiments, the diameter decreases from aproximal end of the alignment insert 224 to a location partway throughthe alignment insert 224. Other configurations are possible.

While the outer structure of the alignment insert 224 can have anysuitable configuration, the illustrated configuration comprises agenerally cylindrical proximal end 254 and a smaller diameter generallycylindrical proximal end 256. Preferably, the proximal end 254 of thealignment insert 224 is located such that its proximal end surface isgenerally flush with a surrounding or adjacent surface of the first opencavity 214.

The alignment insert 224 can be positioned in the housing structure 202,and can be configured to guide and/or compress the valve or medicaldevice 704 into a compressed state for insertion or positioning into thedeployment catheter 102. The alignment insert 224 can be constructed ofplastic, metal, or other similar material. In the illustratedconfiguration, the proximal end 254 comprises two or more tabs 258. Thetabs 258 can be positioned within recesses formed in the outer housing202. Thus, the tabs 258 can help to properly locate the alignment insert224 within the outer housing 202 and to limit axial movement of thealignment insert 224 relative to the outer housing 202.

The passage 252 defined by the alignment insert 224 preferably isaxially aligned with a passage 260 defined by the alignment tube 226.The passage 260 comprises a proximal generally cylindrical portion 262,a tapering portion or funnel-shaped channel 264, a smaller diametergenerally cylindrical portion 266, another slightly larger diametergenerally cylindrical portion 268 and a slightly expanding portion 270.The passage further comprises a generally cylindrical distal portion 272and a distal portion 274 that is generally conical in configuration.

The smaller diameter portion 266 preferably is smaller than the outerdiameter of the catheter that the loader 106 is designed to be used withwhile the slightly larger diameter portion 268 is slightly larger thanthe same outer diameter. Accordingly, during insertion, the distal endof the deployment catheter 102 can abut against the step defined betweenthese two portions 266, 268.

The generally cylindrical proximal portion 262 of the alignment tube 226preferably is sized and configured to receive the distal end 256 of thealignment insert 224. As shown, the distally facing surface of theproximal end 254 of the alignment insert 224 can comprise a shallowchannel 276 and the proximally facing proximal surface of a proximal endof the alignment tube 226 can be provided with a somewhat deeper channel278.

A spring 280 or the like can be positioned within a proximal end withinthe shallow channel 276 of the alignment insert 224 and with a distalend within the deeper channel 278 of the alignment tube 226. The spring280 or other biasing member advantageously biases apart the alignmentinsert 224 and the alignment tube 226. Because the alignment insert 224is generally axially fixed relative to the outer housing 202 by the tabs258, the alignment tube 226 is capable of axial movement relative to theouter housing 202 and can be biased by the spring 280 toward a firstposition, which can be defined by a feature of the surrounding portionof the outer housing 202.

The alignment tube 226 can constructed of plastic, metal, or othersimilar material. In certain embodiments, the alignment tube 226 has agenerally rectangular outer shape (however, other shapes andconfigurations are possible without deviating from the spirit of theembodiment).

The alignment tube 226 preferably has an opening 282. The illustratedopening 282 is generally vertical. Preferably, the opening 282 extendsthrough a central portion of the illustrated alignment tube 226. Theopening 282 is configured to receive the first grip pawl 228A and thesecond grip pawl 228B, one on either side of the opening 282. In certainembodiments, the opening 282 has a rectangular shape but other shapesand configurations are possible as well. The alignment tube 226 alsopreferably comprises a first and a second external post 284. The post284 extends laterally outward from the lateral surfaces of the alignmenttube 226. Preferably, the position of the posts 284 are to each lateralside of the opening 282 such that the axial location of the posts 284are between the proximal and distal ends of opening 282. Otherconfigurations are possible.

The first and second grip pawls 228A, 228B preferably are constructed ofplastic, rubber, polymer, or other similar material. The first grip pawl228A can be positioned generally above the alignment tube 226 while thesecond grip pawl 228B can be positioned generally below the alignmenttube 226. The grip pawls 228A, 228B each can comprise a first end 286A,286B supported and/or coupled to a respective pivot pin 288A, 288B thatis connected to the housing structure 202. Thus, the grip pawls 228A,228B are allowed to swing or rotate about the pivot pins 288A, 288B. Thegrip pawls 228A, 228B each can also have a second end 290A, 290B.

Each second end 290A, 290B in the illustrated configuration comprises agripping portion 292A, 292B and a surrounding portion 294A, 294B. Thegripping portions 292A, 292B can be configured to be at least partiallyinserted into the opening 282 in the alignment tube 226, and thesurrounding portions 294A, 294B can be configured to be at leastpartially wrapped around the outer surface of the alignment tube 226.More preferably, the surrounding portions 294A, 294B abut against theposts 284 of the alignment tube 226. Even more preferably, mountingrecesses 296A, 296B formed in the surrounding portions 294A, 294B abutagainst the posts 284 of the alignment tube 226 and the mountingrecesses 296A, 296B are offset in the distal direction relative to therotational axes defined by the pins 288A,

288B. The slight offset in the location of the recesses 296A, 296Brelative to the rotational axes defined by the pins 288A, 288B cause thealignment tube 226 to snap into the first position following any slightdisplacement in the proximal direction.

In a default or normal position, the grip pawls 228A, 228B can beSubstantially perpendicular to the alignment tube 226. With the secondends 290A, 290B of the first and second grip pawls 228A, 228B positionedin the alignment tube 226, there is a first gripping portion 300A and asecond gripping portion 300B that come together and form a generallycylindrical or tubular area or clamp that is configured to hold, clamp,retain, lock, and/or grip the deployment catheter 102 within thealignment tube 226.

The first and second gripping portions 300A, 300B comprise peaks, sharpfeatures or ribs 302. As shown, the ribs 302 preferably are configuredto define a larger inner diameter at the proximal and distal ends and asmaller inner diameter in the middle. Thus, as the grip pawls 228A, 228Brotate in the proximal direction, the diameter defined by the ribs thatare generally normal to each other is greater than the diameter definedby the ribs in the middle that are generally normal to each other whenthe grip pawls 228A, 228B rotate back toward the starting position(i.e., corresponding to the first position of the insert tube 226).

Thus, in the starting position, the center ribs of the ribs 302cooperate to retain the end of the deployment catheter while, oncerotated from the starting position in the proximal direction, the largerribs cooperate together and define a larger diameter such that thedeployment catheter can be inserted or removed from the grip pawls 228A,228B.

In some configurations, one or more of the grip pawls 228A, 228B abutsagainst at least a portion of a release mechanism 304. The illustratedrelease mechanism 304 comprises a leaf spring 306. A first portion 308of the leaf spring 306 is supported by and/or coupled to a pivot pin 310and the leaf spring 306 is allowed to at least partially rotate aboutthe pivot pin 310. The first portion 308 of the leaf spring 306comprises a cantilever portion 312 that can be engaged with a button314. The leaf spring 306 comprises a second portion 316 that can beconfigured to rest at least partially on an inner structure of the outerhousing 202, the alignment tube 226 or the like. The first portion 308and the second portion 316 can be joined at a proximal end and canextend at an angle relative to each other. In addition, the

first portion 308 preferably is more rigid (e.g., has a greaterthickness to resist bending) than the second portion 310. Rotation ofthe first portion 308 about the pivot pin 310 causes flexure of thesecond portion 316 such that the second portion 316 acts to resistrotation of the first portion 308 about the pivot pin 310. Morepreferably, the second portion 316 biases the first portion 308 to astarting position if the cantilever portion 312 is moved downward in theillustrated configuration by the button 314.

As illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, the leaf spring 306, in certainembodiments, comprises a cam portion 318 that is engaged with the grippawl 228A. In certain embodiments, the grip pawl 228A, 228B comprises aledge, lip, groove, or cavity 320 that can be engaged by the cam portion318 of the leaf spring 306 when the cam portion 318 slides upward alongthe side of the grip pawl 228A a sufficient distance. Thus, the camportion 318 of the grip pawl 228A can be locked into the deflectedposition until a proximally directed force is provided to the alignmenttube 226. The leaf spring 308 can make a distinct clicking sound orother audible sound when snapping into position on the ledge of the grippawl 228A.

As discussed above, when the button 314 is pressed into the housingstructure 202, the button 314 applies a force on the cantilever portion312 thereby causing the leaf spring 306 to rotate, pivot or swing aboutthe pivot pin 310. The movement of the cantilever portion 312, andtherefore the first portion 308, of the leaf spring 306 causes the camportion 318 to rotate, which causes the cam portion 318 to effectivelyslide along a portion of the grip pawl 228A and snap into positionalongside the grip pawl 228A. The interaction between the cam portion318 and the grip pawl 228A causes the grip pawl 228A to rotate away fromthe pivot pin 310. The movement of the grip pawl 228A causes movement ofthe alignment tube 226 in the proximal direction due to the interfacebetween the mounting recesses 296A, 296B and the posts 284. The movementof the alignment tube 226 results in rotation of both of the grip pawls228A, 228B and the grip on any catheter previously secured within thealignment tube 226 is released such that the catheter can be removed.

Preferably, the cam portion 318 remains in contact with the surface ofthe grip pawl 228A until a subsequent catheter insertion occurs. In theillustrated embodiment, the slight step 320 is provided onto which aportion of the cam portion 318 rests. The movement of the cam portion318 over the edge of the step 320 results in a sound that indicates theunclamping of the catheter for removal. A subsequent insertion of acatheter drives the alignment tube 226 further in the proximaldirection, which allows cam portion 318 of the leaf spring to drop offof the step 320 and to snap back to its original position with anaccompanying sound that indicates that clamping of the catheter hasoccurred.

The button 314 can be constructed of plastic, metal or other suitablematerial and the button 314 can be moveably positioned within thehousing structure 202. In certain embodiments, the button 314 is coupledto, connected to or engaged by a spring or other biasing element 322that applies a force to push the button 314 towards the outer surface ofthe top side 204 of the housing structure 202, which is the normalposition for the button 314. The button 314 comprises a lip or ledge 324that can be configured to prevent the button 314 from being forcedentirely out of the housing structure 202 by the spring or biasingelement 322. The spring or biasing element 322 can be mounted over astem 323 of

the button 314. When the button 314 is pressed into the housingstructure 202, the button 314 moves toward a second position in whichthe spring 322 is compressed. In the second position, the button 314engages and/or applies a force on the cantilever portion 312 of the leafspring 306, thereby causing the cam portion 318 of the leaf spring 306to engage the first grip pawl 228A to release the deployment catheter102. In certain embodiments, the button 314 engages and/or applies aforce on the cantilever portion 312 of the leaf spring 306, therebycausing the cam portion 318 of the leaf spring 306 to engage the firstgrip pawl 228A to move or rotate the first grip pawl 228A towards theproximal end thereby causing the release the deployment catheter 102. Incertain embodiments, the first and second grip pawls 228A, 228B arecoupled (for example, due to their connection to the alignment tube226), and

accordingly, when the first grip pawl 228A is moved or rotated by theleaf spring 306 toward the proximal end, both the first and second grippawls 228A, 228B move or rotate in concert toward the proximal endthereby releasing their grip on the deployment catheter 102.

In certain embodiments, the button 314 is also coupled and/or engagedwith a safety slide mechanism 326 as illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. Thesafety slide mechanism 326 can be configured to reduce or eliminate thelikelihood of the button 314 being pushed into the housing structure 202unless such a movement is desired. The safety slide mechanism 326 can beconstructed of plastic, metal, or other like material. The safety slidemechanism 326 comprises a proximal end 328 and a distal end 330. Incertain embodiments, the proximal end 328 comprises a cavity or groove332 that can be configured to engage or receive the lip or ledge 324 ofthe button 314. In other words, when the slide mechanism is in aproximal position, the rim, ridge, lip or ledge 324 of the button 314 ispositioned within the cavity or groove 332 of the slide mechanism 326and, therefore, the slide mechanism 326 reduces the likelihood ofunintended depression of the button 314.

The distal end 330 of the safety slide mechanism 326 is coupled to,connected with, in contact with or engaged with a spring or otherbiasing element 336 that applies a force to push the safety slidemechanism 326 towards the button 314 to engage the lip or ledge 324 ofthe button 314 with the cavity or groove 332 of the safety slidemechanism 326. In some configurations, the safety slide mechanism 326comprises a recess that receives at least a portion of the spring orother biasing element 336. When the safety slide mechanism is moved orslid distally toward a second position, the safety slide mechanism 326releases, disengages, and/or allows the button 314 to be pressed intothe housing structure 202.

Thus, to remove or unlock or release the distal end of the deploymentcatheter 102 from the alignment tube, a two step unlocking process isused in certain embodiments. In order to unlock the deployment catheter102, the user first slides the safety slide mechanism 326 toward thedistal end and the user then pushes the button 314 into the housingstructure 202 in order to unlock and pull out the deployment catheter102 from the housing structure 202. The two step unlocking processreduces or eliminates the possibility of breaking the deploymentcatheter 102 while positioning the valve 704 into the deploymentcatheter 102. Additionally, the two step unlocking process reduces oreliminates the

possibility of removing the deployment catheter 102 before the valve 704has been properly positioned within the deployment catheter 102.

Cartridge

The cartridge 104 can have any suitable size, shape or configuration. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the cartridge 104 is sized, shaped andconfigured to be received within the first open cavity 214. Morepreferably, the cartridge 104 is sized, shaped and configured to bereceived within the first open cavity 214 in only one orientation.

The illustrated cartridge 104, as shown in FIGS. 12-21, generallycomprises a proximal wall 400 and a distal wall 402. A first side wall404 and a second side wall 406 generally extend between the proximalwall 400 and the distal wall 402. The illustrated cartridge alsocomprises a top wall 408 that, for aesthetic reasons, can correlate inshape and configuration (for example, a mating shape) to the outerhousing 202 of the valve loader 106. The term “wall” should not beconstrued narrowly to mean any single surface or member but rathershould be construed broadly and a wall can be comprised of multiplesurfaces that are not in a single plane but that, in cooperation withone another, form a general

boundary. The illustrated cartridge 104 therefore comprises a generallyrectangular box shape with a rounded top wall. Other configurations andshapes, for example, circular, cylindncal square, triangular, cone,trapezoidal, elliptical, or a combination thereof, also are possible.

The cartridge 104 can be formed in any suitable manner and of anysuitable material. In some embodiments, the majority of the cartridge104 is molded of plastic or metal or another suitable material.

The cartridge 104 preferably defines at least one passage 410 thatextends in a proximal to distal direction. In some embodiments, thepassage 410 extends from the proximal wall 400 to the distal wall 402.Preferably, the passage 410 comprises a first tapering portion ortapered lumen 412 that tapers from proximal to distal, a generallycylindrical portion 414 and a second tapering portion 416 that alsotapers from proximal to distal. Thus, the passage 410 extends from aproximal opening 418 to a distal opening 420 and the proximal opening418 is larger than the distal opening 420. Other configurations arepossible but the passage 410 preferably generally reduces in diameterfrom the proximal opening 418 to the distal opening 420.

The proximal opening 418 preferably is generally closeable using acover, cap or lid 422. The cover 422 is shown in FIG. 14 and is shownremoved in FIG. 15. The cover 422 can have any suitable configuration.In the illustrated embodiment, the cover 422 is generally transparent ortranslucent and is formed of a plastic material. The illustrated cover422 snaps into place on the cartridge 104 but other configurations arepossible. The illustrated cover 422 comprises two lower legs 424 and oneupper leg 426 that snap into corresponding openings formed within thecartridge 104.

The cover 422 preferably defines an opening 428. The opening 428 canhave any suitable size and configuration. In the illustrated embodiment,the size and shape of the opening 428 generally correlates to across-sectional configuration of the plunger 220. In addition, a toothor thinner tab 430 extends upward into the illustrated opening 428. Thetooth 430 preferably is deflectable. The plunger 220 is received withinthe opening 428 during use and the tooth 430 snaps into position over arib formed on the plunger. The tooth 430, therefore, acts to indicatewhen the plunger 220 is fully depressed and the tooth 430 also maintainsthe fully depressed position of the plunger 220 until the plunger 220 isacted upon by a sufficient force to retract the plunger 220 in aproximal direction.

The at least one passage 410 preferably is configured to receive andstore a valve or other medical device 500. The cover 422 is configuredto reduce or eliminate the likelihood of the valve or medical device 500being removed from the cartridge 104 while the valve or medical device500 is intended to be stored in the cartridge 104. As shown, the medicaldevice 500 can compose multiple anchors 502. The anchors 502 can definea diameter. Preferably, the proximal opening 418, between the cover 422and the first tapering portion 412, comprises a counterbore 432 that hasan outer diameter larger than the diameter defined by the anchors 502and an inner diameter that is slightly smaller than the diameter definedby the anchors 502. Thus, the anchors 502 can be captured between thedistal wall of the counterbore 432 and the cover 422.

In certain embodiments, the passage 410 can be configured to receiveand/or store more than one valve or medical device 500 that are of thesame or different size, shape, or type. Preferably, different cartridges104 comprise different colors, symbols, numbers, and/or other uniqueidentifiers to indicate that different size valves or medical devices500 are stored within the cartridges 104. In some configurations, thecartridges 104 can use other identifying indicial (e.g., numbers,colors, letters, patterns, etc.) to indicate differing medical devices,including whether different pharmaceuticals, coatings, or the like areused.

In certain embodiments, the cartridge 104 can comprise multiple passages410 or chambers for storing multiple valves or medical devices 500, andthe multiple hollow centers or chambers can be coupled to a daisy wheelor other revolver within the cartridge 104 such that the daisy wheel orother revolver can be rotated or otherwise moved e.g., raised orlowered) by the user so as to allow multiple valves 500 to be loadedinto the deployment catheter 102.

The cartridge 104 preferably also comprises at least one release tab434. The release tab 434 is joined to the cartridge at a base and can beintegrally formed with the cartridge 104. In the illustrated embodiment,each of the two lateral sides has a release tab 434. The end of eachrelease tab 434 comprises a finger pad 436 and, just below the fingerpad 436, a locking protrusion 438. The locking protrusion 438 engages acorresponding structure on the valve loader 106 to lock the cartridge104 into the first open cavity 214 of the housing structure 202. Whenthe finger pads 436 of the two release tabs 434 are squeezed toward eachother, the locking protrusions 438 separate from the structure of thehousing 202 and the cartridge 104 is released from the first open cavity214 of the housing structure 202. In one embodiment, the release tabs434 are integrally formed with the cartridge 104 and are constructed ofplastic, polymer, or other suitable material. Other lockingconfigurations also can be used.

The proximal wall 400 of the cartridge 104 can compose at least onegroove region or recess 440 that receives the arm, bracket, or bar ofthe second end 250 of the cartridge locking mechanism 222. Thus, whenthe second end 250 extends into the first open cavity 214, the secondend 250 engages with the groove region 440 of the cartridge 104.

Deployment Catheter

It will be appreciated that any kind of deployment catheter 102 can beused with the valve loader 106, and that the following description ofthe illustrated deployment catheter 102 is intended to be generallyillustrative only and not limiting.

With reference to FIG. 22, the deployment catheter 102 has a proximalend 700 and a distal end 702. A control portion 704 is located at theproximal end 700 and a delivery portion 706 is located at the distal end702.

With reference to FIGS. 22-25, a catheter shaft 710 extends fromproximal end to distal end. The catheter shaft 710 can be configured tobe inserted into a bronchoscope or the body. Preferably, the cathetershaft 710 comprises an internal lumen 712 and a distally-located cavity714. The internal lumen 712 can have a distal end that is incommunication with the cavity 714. In some embodiments, the lumen 712 ofthe catheter shaft 710 can have a coating, for example, Teflon, or alining, for example, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) liner, or somecombination of the two. Other configurations are possible.

The catheter shaft 710 can be constructed of plastic, metal, polymer,rubber, nylon, other flexible materials, or a combination thereof. Incertain embodiments, the catheter shaft 710 is constructed of a flexiblepolymer extrusion, for example, Pebax or nylon. In certain embodiments,the catheter shaft 710 may have different regions comprising a differentdurometer level. For example, a majority of the proximal end of thecatheter shaft 710 may have a harder durometer that prevents elongation,whereas the distal end of the catheter shaft 710 may have a softerdurometer for increased flexibility. In some configurations, thecatheter shaft 710 can comprise various fillers or components, forexample, colorants for color, barium sulfate for radiopaqueapplications, and Teflon for lubricity.

The distal end of the catheter shaft 710 can comprise a catheter tip716. In some embodiments, the catheter tip 716 can be located at themost distant portion of the distal end 702. The catheter tip 716 candefine at least a part of a catheter sheath 718 that is retractablerelative to the valve 500 so the valve 500 can be deployed or implantedfrom the catheter shaft 710 into the body.

In some embodiments, at least a portion of the catheter sheath 718comprises a clear or translucent material. The catheter sheath 718and/or catheter tip 716 can comprise a valve line (in certainembodiments, the valve line comprises a yellow pigment embedded in thecatheter sheath 718) to verify the proper placement of the valve 500.The valve line indicates where the valve 500 will deploy in the body.

The catheter tip 716 preferably comprises a metal tip and/or plastic tip(e.g., Isoplast or other urethane) or other suitable structure that willallow the grip pawls 228A, 228B to grip the deployment catheter 102during loading. In certain embodiments, the plastic and/or metal tip 716is bonded to, adhered to, and/or embedded in the distal end of thedeployment catheter 102.

In certain embodiments, an inner surface of the tip 718 can be coatedwith a polyurethane anti-block coating to reduce friction during valveloading and deployment. In some embodiments, the inner surface of thetip 716 or the deployment catheter 102 has no coating. Instead, theinner surface of the tip 716 or the deployment catheter 102 may comprisea polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) liner on a portion of the end of thedeployment catheter 102 and/or on the inner surface of the tip 718and/or the tip 716 to reduce the friction between the deploymentcatheter 102 and the valve 500, including but not limited to anymembrane material on the valve 500. In certain embodiments, the PTFEliner can be a more robust coating (e.g., a reduced wear coating).

In certain embodiments, the PTFE liner can be smooth on the innerdiameter of the deployment catheter 102, which contacts the valve 500,and can be chemically etched on the outer diameter of the deploymentcatheter 102 to provide a rough surface for better adhesion with anouter extrusion. The PTFE liner can be very thin (e.g., approximately0.001 inch to 0.002 inch in wall thickness). In certain embodiments, theliner can be then reflowed onto the outer extrusion of the catheterusing a heat process and a sacrificial extrusion (e.g., fluorinatedethylene-propylene (FEP) or Olefin) on the outside of the outer catheterextrusion. The process can concurrently apply heat to adhere the linerto the extrusion while the sacrificial extrusion (FEP or Olefin)compresses in diameter providing force to melt the two materialstogether.

In certain embodiments, the deployment catheter 102 can comprise adeployment guide on the exterior of the deployment catheter. Thedeployment guide can be positioned or embedded at the distal end of thedeployment catheter 102. The deployment guide can comprise a radiopaquematerial that is visible through the patient and/or the bronchoscope.The visible nature of the deployment guide allows the user to correctlyposition the valve at the target location.

With reference to FIG. 25, the proximal end of the catheter shaft cavity714 contains a tip 720 for a stabilization wire 722. The stabilizationwire tip 720 preferably is connected or coupled to a stabilization wire724 such that the two components move together in an axial directionrelative to the catheter shaft 710. The tip 720 can have any suitableconfiguration but preferably comprises a recess 724 in the distal end.The recess 724 can be used to enhance control over the valve 500 duringdeployment.

The stabilization wire 722 extends through the lumen 712 or passagewayin the catheter shaft 710. As discussed above, the lumen 712 of thecatheter shaft 710 can be coated to allow the stabilization wire 724 tomove more easily within the catheter shaft 710. The stabilization wire722 will move axially relative to the catheter shaft 710. Thus, thestabilization wire 724 can be slideable within, moved through oradvanced within the catheter shaft 710. The stabilization wire 724 canbe a Teflon coated stainless steel coil over a stainless steel wire toallow the catheter shaft 710 to easily traverse the bronchoscope or bodypassageway.

In some embodiments, at the proximal end of the catheter shaft 710,there can be a reinforced shaft portion comprising a PTFE liner on theinterior of the catheter shaft 710. The liner at the proximal end of thecatheter shaft 710 preferably is generally thicker than at the distalend of the catheter shaft 710. The thicker liner improves pushabilitybut decreases the bendability of the reinforced portions thus thethinner liner at the distal end enables the catheter shaft 710 to turntighter radiuses than the proximal end.

In certain embodiments, the proximal end of the catheter shaft 710comprises a braid that is laid between the PTFE liner and the polymerextrusion comprising, for example, Pebax or nylon. In some embodiments,the braid provides resistances to stretching, buckling, and/or kinkingwhile delivering the valve or medical device 500 to the desiredlocation. The braid preferably is located closer to the inside diameterto reduce stiffness thereby increasing flexibility of the catheter shaft710. The braid can comprise a polymer (e.g., nylon, which can be clearand used for MRI applications), flat wire (e.g., 0.001 inch by 0.005inch), or other like materials. In certain embodiments, the braidcomprises a 60 pixs/inch configuration, wherein pixs refer to the numberof open spaces in one inch.

With reference to FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, the stabilization wire 722, whichis connected at its distal end to the stabilization wire tip 724,extends proximally to a cap 726 of control portion 704. To betterillustrate this, the stabilization wire 722 has been identified at boththe proximal end of the control portion 704 (i.e., at the cap 726) andat the distal end of the control portion 704. The proximal end of thestabilization wire 722 can be connected to the cap 726 in any suitablemanner. In some instances, the stabilization wire 722 and the cap 726are press fit, glued, adhered, cohered, comolded or the like.

At its proximal end, the stabilization wire 722 extends through atelescoping hypotube 728. The hypotube 728 encloses a portion of thestabilization wire 722. Thus, the hypotube 728 can provide lateralsupport to the stabilization wire 722 and can assist is reducing thelikelihood of the stabilization wire 722 buckling, bending or overlydeforming in the region of the hypotube 728. The hypotube 728 preferablyconnects to the cap 726 at a proximal end and abuts upon a proximal endof a sheath holder 730 at its distal end.

The distal end of the hypotube 728 nests within the sheath holder 730.Preferably, the hypotube 728 is axially moveable within the sheathholder 730. Thus, in this manner, the hypotube 728 is telescopingrelative to the sheath holder 730. The sheath holder 730 extendsdistally of the hypotube 728 and extends over a proximal end of thecatheter shaft 710. Preferably, the proximal end of the catheter shaft710 extends into the central portion of the sheath holder 730. Morepreferably, the catheter shaft 710 and the sheath holder 730 are joinedtogether for axial movement. Any suitable connection can be used.

A proximal end of a sleeve slider housing 732 snaps into the cap 726while the distal portion of the sleeve slider housing 732 encloses thesheath holder 730. Other connections also can be used to join the sleeveslider housing 732 and the cap 726. The snap fit, however, simplifiesconstruction and manufacturing.

The distal end of the sleeve slider housing 732 tapers toward theproximal portion of the catheter shaft 710. The sleeve slider housing732 allows relative axial movement to occur between the sheath holder730 and the sleeve slider housing 732. In other words, the sleeve sliderhousing 732 is designed to allow the sheath holder 730 to slideproximally relative to the sleeve slider housing 732 during deploymentof the valve 500. The relative proximal movement results in relativemovement between the catheter shaft 710, which is connected to thesheath holder 730, and the stabilization wire 722, which is connected tothe sleeve slider housing 732 through the mutual connection to the cap726.

Preferably, the sleeve slider housing 732 comprises an enlarged slot orwindow 734. As shown in FIG. 28, the slot or window 734 accommodates twofingers 736 of the sheath holder 730. The fingers 736 engage with slots738 formed in a sleeve slider 740. The sleeve slider 740, therefore, isjoined for axial movement with the sheath holder 730 and, through thesheath holder 730, to the catheter shaft 710. Thus, anyproximally-directed axial movement of the sleeve slider 740 will causecorresponding proximally-directed axial movement of the catheter shaft710 relative to the sleeve slider housing 732 and the attachedstabilization wire 722. In other words, movement of the outer sleeveslider 740 relative to the cap 726 and sleeve slider housing 732 willresult in movement of the catheter shaft 710 relative to thestabilization wire 722.

A strain relief tube 742 can enclose at least a proximal portion of thecatheter shaft 710. The strain relief tube 742 can extend distally fromthe control portion 704 to a location somewhat proximal of the distalend of the catheter shaft 710. In some configurations, the strain relieftube 742 extends between the catheter shaft 710 and the passage in thesleeve slider housing 732, relative to which the catheter shaft 710moves. Thus, the catheter shaft 710, in some configurations, is capableof axial movement relative to the strain relief tube 742. Any suitablematerial can form the strain relief tube 742. The control portion 704can be constructed of plastic, metal, or other suitable materials.Preferably, the sleeve slider 740 is a plastic molded piece.Accordingly, formation of ribs 744 that define finger holds can berelatively cost effective and simple. Other configurations also arepossible.

As explained above, movement of the sleeve slider 740 toward to the cap726 can cause deployment movement through retracting the catheter shaft710 relative to the stabilization wire 720, which pushes the valve 500out of the catheter tip 716 of the catheter shaft 710. Thus, in someembodiments, a locking feature 746 is desired that can reduce oreliminate the likelihood of inadvertent deployment of the valve 500 fromthe catheter tip 716.

The illustrated locking feature 746 comprises at least one member thatextends between the cap 726 and the sleeve slider 740. By extendingbetween at least these two components, the locking feature 746 canreduce the likelihood of inadvertent relative movement between thecatheter shaft 710 and the stabilization wire 720. Of course, it ispossible to configure another locking feature between the catheter shaft710 and the stabilization wire 720 in other manners by connecting eitherdirectly or indirectly to the catheter shaft 710 and the stabilizationwire.

With reference to FIG. 26, the locking feature 746 comprises a yokeshaped lock lever 748. The lever 748 comprises two legs 750 that connecttogether at a partial collar 752. The legs 750 each have a peg 754 thatsnaps into an opening in the sleeve slider 740. The pegs 754 can pivotrelative to the sleeve slider 740 such that the legs 750, and thereforethe lever 748 as a whole, can pivot relative to the sleeve slider 740.

As discussed above, the lever 748 comprises the partial collar 752. Thepartial collar can extend about halfway around a lower portion of thecap 726. The degree to which the cap 726 is encircled can vary dependingupon the application but the partial collar 752 preferably extendsslightly more than 180 degrees around the cap 726. Other configurationsare possible.

The legs 750 are bowed in a direction opposite of the partial collar752. The bowing of the legs 750 enables easy manipulation with a singlehand by a user. In other words, the bowed legs 750 create a pair ofmanipulating locations 754, which are further enhanced with large pads,to facilitate easy disengagement of the collar 752 from the cap 726.Once the collar 752 is disengaged from the cap 726, the lever 748 can bemoved out of the way and the sleeve slider 740 can be pulled upwardtoward the cap 726 such that the valve 500 can be deployed.

With reference again to FIG. 1, the shipping lock 114 is a generallycylindrical tube in certain embodiments, and can comprise an internallumen. The shipping lock 114 can generally comprise a similar shape anddimension to that of the catheter shaft 710 of the deployment catheter102. The shipping lock 114 can be configured to be positioned into thesecond open cavity 218 of the housing structure 202 when the valveloader 106 is being shipped or stored for future use. In one embodiment,the shipping lock 114 can be inserted into the second open cavity 214 ofthe housing structure 202 and into the alignment tube 226, wherein thealignment tube 226 grips and/or locks the shipping lock 114 into thealignment tube 226 in a similar to way the deployment catheter 102 canbe locked in the alignment tube 226.

In certain embodiments, the loader plunger 220 can be positioned orpushed into the housing structure 202, and through the first open cavity214 of the housing structure 202, and into the inner lumen of theshipping lock 114. With the distal end of the loader plunger 220telescoped, nested and/or positioned in the inner lumen of the shippinglock 126, the loader plunger 220 can be generally stabilized duringshipping and storage, and the loader plunger 220 can be generallyprevented from vibrating or moving laterally or otherwise within thealignment tube 226 during shipping and/or storage. With the loaderplunger 220 substantially positioned within the housing structure 202,the loader plunger 220 is protected from breakage during shipping andstorage of the valve loader 106. By inserting the shipping lock 114 intothe alignment tube 226, the grip pawls 228A, 228B are put under tension,stress, and/or strain, which substantially prevents the leaf spring 306from becoming disengaged or decoupled from the first grip pawl 228A. Inremoving the shipping lock 114, the grip pawls 228A, 228B advantageouslyreturn to their default position and can be configured to receive thedeployment catheter 102.

In certain embodiments, the valve loading system 100 is a kit forstorage, transport, and/or loading that comprises a deployment catheter102, at least one cartridge 104 that comprises a valve 500, and a valveloader 106. In certain embodiments, the cartridges 104 are individuallypackaged sterilized cartridges 104 for single use and/or to bedisposable.

In certain embodiments, the kit and/or components are treated withethylene oxide to make sterile for single patient use or to bedisposable. In certain embodiments, the cartridge, the valve loader, thekit and/or other components are configured to be sterilized or treatedfor multiple use.

Methods of Use

A method of using the valve loading system 100 may be described inconnection with the figures. However, it will be appreciated that thevarious surgical procedures (for example, lung valve implantationprocedures, stent implantation procedures, or the like) that may use thevalve loading system 100 may vary from one procedure to the next,depending on the specific purpose and/or technique of the procedure.Accordingly, the following description is intended to be generallyillustrative only and not limiting as to the present method.

As noted above, a user obtains the valve loading system 100. In someconfigurations, the valve loading system 100 can be obtained from asterile single patient use kit that comprises, among other things, adeployment catheter 102, at least one cartridge 104 that comprises avalve 500, and a valve loader 106. The user may slide or move the safetyslide mechanism 326 toward the distal end of the housing structure 202to unlock or allow the button 314 to be depressed into the housingstructure 202. By depressing the button 314 into the housing structure202, the shipping lock 114 can be unlocked and the user can remove theshipping lock 126 from the second open cavity 218. After removing theshipping lock 114, the user may release the button 314 and the safetyslide mechanism 326. In some configurations, simply depressing thebutton 314 causes the shipping lock 114 to be released and, therefore,the button 314 can be released before the shipping lock 114 is removed.The distal end of the deployment catheter 102 then can be inserted intothe second open cavity 218. The user can insert the deployment catheter102 into the second open cavity 218 until the user hears a click soundor other audible sound, which indicates to the user that the deploymentcatheter 102 has been locked into the housing structure 202 and has beenproperly positioned within the alignment tube 226.

In certain embodiments, the user may retract, slide back, or move theloader plunger 220 from within the housing structure 202, thereby movingthe arm, bracket, or bar of the second end 250 of the cartridge lockingmechanism 222 from the first open cavity 214. The user may select adesired cartridge 104 containing the appropriate size, shape, and/ortype valve or medical device 500. In certain embodiments, the user mayproper align the cartridge 104 with the first open cavity 214 in orderto insert the cartridge 104 into the first open cavity 214. After thecartridge 104 has been fully inserted into the first open cavity 214,the user may push, slide, or move the loader plunger 220 into thehousing structure 202, thereby allowing a bayonet end of the loaderplunger 220 to contact the valve or medical device 500 within thecartridge 104.

As the plunger 220 with loader pin (described in more detail in FIGS.29-31) contacts and pushes the valve or medical device 500 via a hubportion toward the distal end of the cartridge 104 and through thetapered or funnel portion of the cartridge 104, the valve or medicaldevice 500 becomes compressed. With the valve or medical device 500compressed, the user can continue to push the loader plunger 220 intothe housing structure 202, thereby pushing the compressed valve ormedical device 500 through the alignment insert 224 and the alignmenttube 226, and into the distal end of the deployment catheter 102. Withthe deployment catheter 102 loaded with the valve or medical device 500,the user may slide or move the safety slide mechanism 326 toward thedistal end of the housing structure 202, to unlock or allow the button314 to be depressed into the housing structure 202.

In depressing the button 314 into the housing structure 202, thedeployment catheter 102 can be unlocked, and the user can remove thedeployment catheter 102 from the second open cavity 218. In certainembodiments, the user can position the loaded deployment catheter 102into the body of the patient at the desired location in order to implantthe valve or medical device 500 in the patient. In certain embodiments,the deployment catheter 102 is advanced through a channel of abronchoscope and navigated to the target implant location. In certainembodiments, the valve or medical device 500 (e.g., comprisingradiopaque material) is visible through the deployment catheter 102 toallow the user to correctly position the valve at the target location.In certain embodiments, the user can use the deployment guide, which cancomprise a radiopaque material that is visible through the body, toallow the user to correctly position the valve the target location.

To deploy the valve or medical device 500, the user, in certainembodiments, unlatches, turns, or swings the locking feature 746 todisengage the locking feature 746 from the cap 726. The user can actuatecontrol portion 704 to cause the catheter sheath 710 to retract relativeto the stabilization wire 722 to release the valve or medical device500. The position of the valve or medical device 500 is stabilized atthe target location during deployment with the stabilization wire 722.

In certain embodiments, after the valve or medical device 500 has beendeployed, the deployment catheter 102 can be retrieved from the body ofthe patient, and be reloaded with another valve or medical device 500using the foregoing process. With the foregoing process, the deploymentcatheter 102 can be reloaded with different valves or medical devices500 having different shapes, sizes, and/or types. The foregoing processalso allows the valve or medical device 500 to remain in a defaultconfiguration, as opposed to a substantially compressed or stressedconfiguration, thereby reducing the possible failure, wear, and/ordeterioration of the valve or medical device 500. In other words, thecartridge 104 stores the valve or medical device 500 in a non-compressedstate, which reduces wear and tear on the medical device 500 and reducesthe likelihood of an adverse clinical event relating to the materials orstructure of the medical device 500.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 29-31, a proximal end of a loaderpin 800 is attached to the distal end of the plunger 220. The plunger isover-molded on a proximal end of the loader pin 800. The proximal end ofthe loader pin 800 may include a flange. The loader pin 800 includes aproximal section having a first cross-sectional dimension and a distalsection having a second cross-sectional dimension. In a previousconfiguration of the loader pin, the proximal and distal ends of theloader pin had equal cross-sectional dimensions. When the anchors 502were compressed when the valve was fully loaded into the deploymentcatheter, the struts made contact with the distal end of the loader pin.As the loader pin was retracted after loading of the valve, the contactwith the anchors 502 caused some friction with the possibility ofaltering the position of the loaded valve. Thus, a low friction coatingwas applied to the distal end of the loader pin to reduce this friction.In one embodiment, the first cross-sectional dimension is greater thanthe second cross-sectional dimension. The reduced cross-sectionaldimension at the distal section reduces or eliminates contact with theanchors 502 when the valve is loaded in the deployment catheter. Assuch, friction is eliminated or greatly reduced when retracting theloader pin 800 after the step of loading the valve into the catheter.

In one embodiment, the loader pin 800 is made of stainless steel,hardened to spring temper. The spring temper allows the pin 800 towithstand loading forces without buckling.

In one embodiment, the distal face of the loader pin 800 is cup shaped(i.e., concave). The cup shape may provide additional alignment with thehub of the valve during loading.

In one embodiment, the surface of the loader pin 800 is manufactured tohave a smoother surface than the anchors 502.

In one embodiment, the surface of the loader pin 800 is manufactured tohave a rougher surface than the anchor struts. Because the anchors 502have smooth, electroplated surfaces, a slight roughness of the loaderpin 800 may reduce the friction co-efficient between the anchors 502 andthe loader pin 800.

In one embodiment, a loader pin includes an inner pin and outer tube.They are inserted together, but then the pin is removed which allows thetube to partially collapse and reduce in diameter. This would facilitateeasier removal. The collapsing force would be the compression from theanchor struts. The force to deform the tube would depend on the wallthickness of the tube. For example, the wall thickness would be <0.003″.

In one embodiment, the loader pin 800 includes a tapered section betweenthe proximal and distal sections. Other transitions may occur betweenthe proximal and distal sections.

Although this invention has been disclosed in the context of certainembodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in theart that the present invention extends beyond the specifically disclosedembodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of theinvention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Inaddition, while several variations of the invention have been shown anddescribed in detail, other modifications, which are within the scope ofthis invention, will be readily apparent to those of skill in the artbased upon this disclosure. It is also contemplated that variouscombinations or sub-combinations of the specific features and aspects ofthe embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of theinvention. It should be understood that various features and aspects ofthe disclosed embodiments can be combined with, or substituted for, oneanother in order to form varying modes or embodiments of the disclosedinvention. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present inventionherein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosedembodiments described above.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising a housing comprising a cavity, the cavity configured to receive at least one interchangeable medical device cartridge configured to house the deployable medical device therein, the housing further comprising: an actuator configured to direct the deployable medical device from the at least one interchangeable medical device cartridge to a discharge end of said housing, said discharge end configured to receive the deployment apparatus into which the deployable medical device may be loaded, the actuator comprising: a friction reducing component configured to reduce frictional contact with the deployable medical device.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the friction reducing component is configured to reduce contact with the deployable medical device when the actuator is in a fully actuated state.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the friction reducing component comprises a first cross-sectional dimension, and wherein the actuator comprises a section proximal from the friction reducing component having a second cross-sectional dimension, the second cross-sectional dimension being greater than the first cross-sectional dimension.
 4. A system comprising: a valve loader comprising: an outer housing structure having a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end comprises a cavity; a first open cavity located between the proximal and distal ends; and a loading device slidably received within a lumen of the proximal end, the loading plunger comprising: a operable portion that extends outside of the outer housing structure; and a loading pin at a distal end, the loading pin comprising: a distal end having a first cross-sectional dimension; and a proximal end having a second cross-sectional dimension, the second cross-sectional dimension being greater than the first cross-sectional dimension; a deployment apparatus configured to be received within the cavity of the distal end of the outer housing structure; and a cartridge configured to house a deployable medical device and configured to be received within the first open cavity, and wherein distal movement of the loading device causes the loading pin to direct the deployable medical device into the deployment apparatus when the deployable medical device is received within the cavity of the distal end of the outer housing structure.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the cavity of the distal end comprises a funnel-shaped channel positioned distal from the first open cavity, the funnel-shaped channel configured to permit the passage of the deployable medical device therethrough when the loading pin directs the deployable medical device from the cartridge into a deployment apparatus.
 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the housing structure further comprises a clamp configured to secure the deployment apparatus to the housing structure when loading the deployable medical device into the deployment apparatus.
 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the housing structure further comprises a lock to prevent undesired release of the deployment apparatus prior to correct loading of the deployable medical device into the deployment apparatus.
 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the cartridge comprises a stop to signal that the loading device has traveled to the correct position for completely loading the deployable medical device into the deployment apparatus.
 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the cartridge comprises a means for providing an audible sound to signal the user that the loading device has traveled to the correct position for completely loading the deployable medical device into the deployment apparatus.
 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the housing structure further comprises a means for providing an audible sound to signal the user that the deployment apparatus has been locked into the housing clamp and that loading may commence.
 9. The system of claim 4, wherein the housing structure further comprises a safety apparatus to protect the loading device from being damaged by improper installation or removal of the at least one interchangeable medical device cartridge within the first open cavity. 